Practical ways to measure quantities.

A full tablespoon contains: flour, 25 grams; powdered sugar, 30 grams; salt, 40 grams.
The cup (or quart) with a volume of 25 centiliters contains: rice, 240 grams; dried vegetables, 230 grams; fine salt, 240 grams; coarse salt, 280 grams; granulated sugar, 240 grams; coffee beans, 90 grams; ground coffee, 100 grams.
One teaspoon is approximately 5 grams; a regular tablespoon is worth four teaspoons; a regular glass is eight tablespoons. A pinch of flowers or leaves weighs 4 or 5 grams; a handful, 25 to 30 grams. A handful of grains can weigh up to 100 grams.
If you don't have a dropper, take a goose feather that you cut at an angle and dip it in the liquid; when you take it out, a drop forms at the end and you let it fall where it is needed.

To replace sugar.
When sugar is lacking, it would be interesting to know a product with the same advantages: use honey. To remove its special taste, melt it over low heat, skim and clarify. Then dip a red-hot iron into it; finally, add a spoonful of brandy per kilo of honey. Treated in this way, honey loses its flavor and can replace sugar.
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Artificial butter.

At a time when butter is so expensive, a recipe for artificial butter is ideal: take a kilo of fresh sheep fat. Put it in a saucepan, with as much earth as possible, with half a liter of milk and melt over low heat, stirring well. Pass through a sieve and add three pounds of carnation oil, then put on the fire with a few crusts of toast, a handful of tarragon leaves and two small cut onions. Pass through a sieve again and add a pinch of saffron to give color. Stir and let cool. This butter keeps very well.

Way to make excellent mustard.

Simply dilute black mustard seed with hot water or, better yet, with white wine - and add a little salt. Leave to sit for several days. The mustard is then enclosed in jars: it is very healthy and very appetizing. Vinegar should be absolutely prohibited.